The basic idea behind how electric motors work is simple: the rotor spins inside a stator that is connected to an electrical supply. The rotor rotates when an electromagnetic field produces attractive and replusive forces. When the rotor turns faster than the magnetic field, it recharges the battery and acts as an alternator. The rotor and electromagnets in an electric motor are connected by coils of wire. When power is applied to a coil, the coils of wire turn into an electromagnet. This electromagnet attracts the opposite pole of the magnet. The current is then switched from one pole to the other by changing the polarity of the commutator.
The physical principle of electric motors is the same for both DC and alternating current (AC) motors. The basic premise is that a magnetic field is created every time an electric charge moves. In a simple DC motor, a magnetic field is generated on the stator's two components.
An electric motor consists of three parts: the stator, the commutator, and the electromagnet. The commutator is a set of two metal plates attached to the axle of the electromagnet. These plates have slots that switch the direction of the electric field. A field magnet is a permanent magnet that is placed near the armature. When there is a current flowing through this magnet, the armature spins and generates torque.
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